• 专利附录
  • 专利说明
  • 权利要求
  • 类似技术
  • 同族专利
  • 引用文献
  • 法律状态
  • 优先权
    • 专利摘要:
    Mechanism activated by the static pressure of a fluid comprising: - Two-way cylinders (1) characterized by having the ends of the plunger of different section and by having a hollow shaft that communicates the end chambers so that, depending on whether fluid is supplied at both ends or only by larger diameter, the plunger will move in one direction or the other, - a pressure regulator (2) that receives the static pressure of an external fluid and, after regulating it, transmits it to the two-way cylinders, - a compensating cylinder (3) to avoid possible imbalances. This mechanism may have a different fluid inside it than the one that will activate it from outside. (Machine-translation by Google Translate, not legally binding)
    公开号:ES2791574A1
    申请号:ES202000038
    申请日:2020-03-03
    公开日:2020-11-04
    发明作者:Ferrer Carlos Velasco
    申请人:Ferrer Carlos Velasco；
    IPC主号:
    专利说明:

    [0001] Mechanism activated by the static pressure of a fluid
    [0002] Technical sector
    [0003] The present invention belongs to the field of hydraulics and more specifically to that of energy transformation taking advantage of hydraulic pressure.
    [0004] The main object of the present invention is the generation of energy from the static pressure of the fluids.
    [0005] Background of the invention
    [0006] Electric power generation can be achieved from non-renewable energies (coal, oil, natural gas) or from renewable energies.
    [0007] Renewable energy is called that which is obtained from inexhaustible natural sources or that are renewed by natural means.
    [0008] The main renewable energies are:
    [0009] - Hydraulics (reservoirs)
    [0010] - Wind (wind)
    [0011] - Solar (sun)
    [0012] - Geothermal (internal heat of the Earth)
    [0013] - Tidal (tides)
    [0014] - Wave motor (waves)
    [0015] - Biomass (vegetation)
    [0016] A problem with some of these energies is that the provider source is intermittent. So it is with the sun, the wind, the tides and the waves.
    [0017] The most used renewable energies are hydroelectric, solar and wind. The only non-intermittent of these energies is hydraulic.
    [0018] In the case of hydraulic energy, the mechanism used to convert it into electrical energy is the turbine.
    [0019] The hydraulic turbine is a hydraulic motor turbo-machine, which takes advantage of the mechanical energy of a moving fluid that passes through it and produces a rotational movement that moves a machine or an electrical generator, transforming mechanical energy into electrical energy.
    [0020] Explanation of the invention
    [0021] The present invention, unlike turbines, converts the potential energy of the static pressure of a fluid into mechanical energy.
    [0022] While for the operation of the turbines the contribution of a large amount of fluid is needed, for the operation of the mechanism of this invention only the thrust of the static pressure and a small amount of fluid are needed.
    [0023] For its operation, the present invention is composed of the following elements:
    [0024] - Two-way cylinders (1)
    [0025] Its operation is based on the longitudinal reciprocating movement of the plunger
    [0026] (4) located inside the cylinder.
    [0027] This plunger (4) is characterized by its stepped shape that makes the surfaces of the two ends (7 and 8) have different sizes.
    [0028] The enveloping cylinder (5) also has, internally, a different diameter at each end to adapt to the plunger.
    [0029] If the plunger (4) receives pressure (P) only at the end with the smallest surface (7), it will move in the direction from smallest to largest (7-8); but if it receives the same pressure (P) at both ends (7 and 8), then the plunger (4) will move in the opposite direction, that is, from higher to lower (8-7) and this is because the resultant force is higher at the end with the largest surface area (8). If the round trip forces are required to be equal, the useful surface of the larger end (8) should be twice the useful surface of the smaller end (7).
    [0030] Due to the staggering of the piston (4) and the cylinder (5), a chamber (9) appears which changes its volume according to the movement of the piston (4) in the cylinder (5). To avoid overpressures and / or depressions, this chamber is provided with a conduit (6) for the inlet and outlet of the air.
    [0031] The mechanism object of the present invention has the particularity of being able to supply pressure through both ends (7 and 8) or only through the smaller one (7).
    [0032] The piston (4), when moving longitudinally inside the cylinder (5), does so by sliding along the inner walls of the cylinder and, in turn, also sliding along an axis (11) that passes through the center and along the entire length of the cylinder. This central shaft (11) is hollow and has a hole (14 and 15) at each end. When a cycle begins, the hole (14) located at the end of the shaft that is located at the fluid inlet (12) is closed. As fluid enters, the plunger (4) receives pressure and begins to slide longitudinally to the end of the cylinder. A little before reaching the end, the plunger (4) drags another secondary plunger (10) that frees the hole (14) that remained covered. When this hole (14) is unblocked, the fluid enters the hollow shaft and runs through it to the end to exit through the hole (15) opposite the inlet. At that moment the plunger (4) receives pressure at both ends (7 and 8) and, due to the difference in size of the surfaces, the direction of movement is reversed.
    [0033] In this inverse movement, the main piston (4) also drags the secondary piston (10) and the latter, upon reaching the initial inlet end (12), closes the orifice (14) again, remaining in the initial position to start a new cycle.
    [0034] Figure 4 shows the arrangement of the pieces before starting a cycle.
    [0035] Figure 5 shows the arrangement of the parts at the moment when the main piston (4) is going to start pulling the secondary piston (10).
    [0036] Figure 6 shows the arrangement of the pieces at the moment when the change of direction of the plunger (4) is about to begin.
    [0037] For optimal operation, two double-directional cylinders must be arranged in parallel (1), so that the fluid passes from each chamber to its symmetrical one.
    [0038] Each pair of cylinders in parallel (1) forms a set that, upon receiving pressure in the appropriate cylinder, begins its operation. In one cycle, each cylinder piston will travel one full round trip.
    [0039] The set of two cylinders in parallel (1) is the most basic in number of cylinders, but they can be many more, as long as they form pairs.
    [0040] - Pressure Regulator (2)
    [0041] It is responsible for regulating and transmitting the appropriate pressure to the set of cylinders in parallel. The Regulator (fig. 7) is made up of a battery of compartments in parallel and a common shaft (23) provided with discs (20, 21 and 22) that traverse them. In each compartment one of these discs moves longitudinally. All the central compartments and their respective discs (22) are equal to each other. The end compartments and their respective discs (20 and 21) are also equal to each other and may be the same or different from the central ones (22).
    [0042] The end compartments are responsible for receiving external pressure and transmitting it to the central compartments. When the fluid under pressure enters the conduit (18), the chamber (24) fills and presses the disk (20), which will make the entire set of disks (22) integral with the shaft (23) move. The conduit (32) will remain closed in this first part of the cycle and the air that was in the chamber (25) will exit through the conduit (47). As the disk (22) moves in each chamber, two actions occur; On the one hand, the fluid that was in the chamber (27) exits through the conduit (30) and simultaneously a depression is created in the chamber (26) that will suck through the conduit (31).
    [0043] In the compartment at the other end, the disk (21), when advancing, will create a depression in the chamber (28) that will suck air from outside through the duct (47) and simultaneously the disk (21) will displace the fluid in the chamber (29 ) that will come out through the duct (33).
    [0044] At the end of the path of the discs in the compartments, the inlet (18) is closed and the (19) at the other end opens. Likewise, the outlet (33) is closed and (32) is opened. As a consequence of this, the direction of movement of the shaft (23) and the disks attached to it will be reversed.
    [0045] This change of direction in the central compartments will be reflected in the fact that the function of the ducts (30 and 31) will change so that those that acted as an outlet will now do so as an inlet and vice versa. The ducts (47 and 48) will also change their inlet / outlet function, but will always remain open since their function is to avoid overpressures and depressions and they use air from outside.
    [0046] The Pressure Regulator, in addition to the function described above, also acts as a pressure distributor and can transmit the inlet pressure without variations or can increase or decrease it, as required by each situation.
    [0047] The pressure regulation will be achieved based on the size of the diameters of the discs (20 and 21) of the inlet compared to the central ones (22), since the pressure transmitted is inversely proportional to the surfaces of the central discs ( 22) and the ends (20 and 21).
    [0048] In figure 8 the discs of the end compartments (20 and 21) are smaller in diameter than the central ones (22) and therefore the central discs (22) will transmit a lower pressure than that received by the end discs (20 and 21) .
    [0049] In figure 9 all the discs are of the same diameter, which means that there is no change in the pressure transmitted by the central discs (22) with respect to that received by the ends (20 and 21).
    [0050] In figure 10 the end discs (20 and 21) are of greater diameter than the central discs (22) and in this case the central discs (22) transmit a pressure higher than that received by the end discs (20 and 21).
    [0051] An application of this pressure regulator can be the one shown in figure 11. Cylinders with their corresponding pistons (34) have been connected to the inlets / outlets (30 and 31). When the Regulator is running, the plungers (34) on these cylinders will alternately be raising and lowering. The fluid under pressure that enters through the inlet (19) presses the disk (21) and causes the entire set of disks (22) and the shaft (23) to move and then the fluid in the chambers (26) leaves through the ducts (31) and simultaneously a depression will appear in the ducts (30).
    [0052] The consequence is that the pistons (34) located on the conduits (31) will rise due to the pressure of the fluid under pressure in the chambers (26) and simultaneously the pistons (34) at the upper end will go down attracted by the depression that originates in the ducts (30). At the end of the previous displacement of the discs and shaft, the process will be repeated in the opposite direction, since the ducts (19 and 32) will be closed and the (18 and 33) will open.
    [0053] If instead of connecting normal cylinders provided with a piston, the two-way cylinders exposed at the beginning were connected, a significant improvement in their performance would be obtained. As the cylinders are two-way, only one input will be needed to activate their operation, with the consequent saving of fluid.
    [0054] - Complete mechanism
    [0055] Figure 1 shows all the components that comprise it:
    [0056] - The two-way cylinders (1)
    [0057] - The pressure regulator (2)
    [0058] - The compensator (3)
    [0059] The compensator is nothing more than a cylinder provided with a piston (35) whose function is to avoid the risk that the system can balance. As such a piece, it does not offer any novelty.
    [0060] In figure 12 the complete mechanism can be seen in detail. When fluid is introduced with pressure through the inlet (18), said fluid will press on the disc (20) and this disc will move together with the shaft (23) and the other disc (22) also integral with the shaft.
    [0061] As the disk (22) moves, the aforementioned effects are repeated when describing the Pressure Regulator, but with the difference that in this case the cylinders are two-way and, therefore, when reaching the end, they alone return to the starting situation. Therefore, in this case the second entry (19) is not necessary. With only the inlet (18) the complete cycle is carried out and only the fluid that has penetrated the chamber (25) is lost, which will normally be water from a reservoir in height.
    [0062] Sometimes it may be advisable to use both inputs (18 and 19), especially in the case of having many pairs of cylinders in parallel. In any case, the water consumption is minimal compared to the consumption of the turbines.
    [0063] The complete mechanism can be filled with a lubricating fluid that favors good operation, except for the inlet chamber, which, according to what has been explained, can be water from a reservoir in height.
    [0064] Figure 13 shows the same set, but with the two inputs (18 and 19).
    [0065] The present invention offers important advantages over other existing systems:
    [0066] - Compared to solar and wind energy, the mechanism of this invention is not intermittent.
    [0067] It can be running continuously, while the others depend on the sun or wind.
    [0068] - Compared to hydraulic turbines that are activated by hydrodynamic pressure, the mechanism of this invention is activated by hydrostatic pressure, which implies a more effective pressure and a much lower consumption of water. Furthermore, the mechanism of this invention allows the placement of several of them in parallel without increasing water consumption. A set of two cylinders consumes the same as a battery of several sets. Its low water consumption allows it to be placed under reservoirs with little volume of water.
    [0069] - Location. As its operation is based on the use of static pressure, small power plants can be installed taking advantage of the static pressure of the water supply networks in cities.
    [0070] - Compared to biomass, the mechanism of this invention does not produce carbon dioxide and hardly affects the environment.
    [0071] Brief description of the drawings
    [0072] To complement the description that is being made and in order to help a better understanding of the characteristics of the invention, a set of drawings is attached as an integral part of said description, in which, with an illustrative and non-limiting nature, the following has been represented next:
    [0073] Figure 1.- Shows a section with the three elements that make up the mechanism.
    [0074] Figure 2.- Shows a section of the basic diagram of the operation of the two-way stepped plunger.
    [0075] Figure 3.- Shows a section of a cylinder with the plunger, the central tube and the secondary plunger that opens and closes the communication conduits.
    [0076] Figure 4.- Shows a section with the situation of the pieces at initial rest.
    [0077] Figure 5.- Shows a section of the situation of the pieces a moment before the dragging of the secondary piston.
    [0078] Figure 6.- Shows a section with the situation of the pieces at the moment when the camera communication hole has been released and the reverse journey is about to begin.
    [0079] Figure 7.- Shows a section of the Pressure Regulator.
    [0080] Figure 8.- Shows a section of the Regulator with the appropriate proportions to decrease the inlet pressure.
    [0081] Figure 9.- Shows a section of the Regulator with the appropriate proportions to maintain the same pressure as in the inlet.
    [0082] Figure 10.- Shows a section of the Regulator with the appropriate proportions to increase the inlet pressure.
    [0083] Figure 11.- Shows an example of the pressure regulator application.
    [0084] Figure 12.- Shows a section of the set of two cylinders connected with the Compensator and the Pressure Distributor with a single pressure fluid inlet.
    [0085] Figure 13.- Shows a set like the previous one, but with two pressurized fluid inlets. Figure 14.- Shows a section of a set of six cylinders with the Pressure Regulator and Compensator and with a single pressure fluid inlet.
    [0086] Figure 15.- Shows a section of a set of six cylinders with the Pressure Regulator and Compensator and with two pressurized fluid inlets.
    [0087] Figure 16.- Shows a diagram of a hydroelectric power plant based on this energy generating mechanism.
    [0088] Figure 17.- Shows a diagram of this mechanism connected to the water supply networks in the cities.
    [0089] Preferred embodiment of the invention
    [0090] Both the two-way cylinders and the pressure regulator can have many applications in the industrial sector, but as preferred embodiments, two application examples will be shown in the hydraulics sector and more specifically in the power generation sector.
    [0091] Hydroelectric power station
    [0092] As mentioned in the Explanation of the invention, the mechanism that is exposed converts the potential energy of the static pressure of a fluid into mechanical energy. Figure 16 shows a diagram with an elevated water reservoir (37), the water of which is channeled through a pipe (49) that connects said reservoir with the hydroelectric power station.
    [0093] Figure 15 shows a schematic section of the mechanism that transforms the static pressure of water into mechanical energy.
    [0094] This example shows a mechanism formed by three pairs of two-way Cylinders and the Pressure Regulator that unifies their operation. In addition, each pair of Cylinders has a compensating cylinder to make the connection between them and thus, avoid the possibility that the system can be balanced.
    [0095] In almost any installation of this type, more pairs of Two-Way Cylinders would be used, but it has been limited to three to facilitate exposure.
    [0096] All the mechanism chambers will be filled with fluid, except the chambers (25 and 28), located at the ends of the Regulator and which only contain air from outside.
    [0097] The water from the reservoir (37) enters the mechanism through the inlet (18) and, as the chamber (24) fills, presses the disk (20), which, being integral with the shaft (23) and with the disks ( 21 and 22) will cause this whole set to shift.
    [0098] The displacement of the set of discs (20, 21 and 22) and the shaft (23) originate the following series of actions:
    [0099] A. - The air that occupies the chamber (25) is expelled through the duct (47) due to the thrust of the disc (20).
    [0100] B. - The water that occupies the chamber (29) is pushed by the disk (21) and comes out through the conduit (33) and this will be the amount of water consumed for the movement of the entire mechanism.
    [0101] C. - The displacement of the disc (21) causes a depression in the chamber (28) and, consequently, sucks air through the duct (48).
    [0102] D. - The fluid in each chamber (27) is pushed by the disk (22) and exits through the conduit (30) that joins said chamber (27) with the chamber (16).
    [0103] E. - Simultaneously, the displacement of each disc (22) also causes a depression in the chamber (26), which will cause fluid to suck through the conduit (31) that connects with the chamber (44). F. - When the chamber (16) is filled, the fluid pushes the plunger (4), which in turn presses the fluid in the chamber (17) and forces it to exit through the conduit (13) that connects with the chamber ( 36).
    [0104] G. - The fluid that is filling the chamber (36) pushes the plunger (35) which in turn presses the fluid in the chamber (46) and makes it come out through the conduit (50).
    [0105] H. - The fluid coming from the chamber (46) that fills the chamber (45) through the conduit (50), pushes the plunger (42), which moves by pressing the fluid in the chamber (44) and which, according to It was exposed at point E, it is the fluid that was sucked in by the displacement of the disk (22) and that makes the system run end.
    [0107] I. - As explained in point F, the fluid in the chamber (16) pushes the plunger (4) and when this plunger ends its journey, it drags the secondary plunger (10) and it releases the orifice (14) from the central tube (11) and the fluid enters through this hole (14), runs through the inside of the tube (11) and exits through the hole (15).
    [0109] J. - The fluid exiting through the orifice (15) presses the plunger (4) at its larger end and, as explained in the explanation of the invention, the direction of movement of the entire system is reversed. Each cylinder in the pair reverses the direction of its movement.
    [0111] K. - At the time of investment in the movements, the conduits (18 and 33) will be closed and the conduits (19 and 32) will be opened. At the end of the new movement, the cycle ends and the assembly remains as at the beginning and ready for a new cycle.
    [0113] According to the previous exposition, it can be observed that the operation of the mechanism is due, fundamentally, to the static pressure of the water located in the pipe (48), coming from the reservoir (37).
    [0115] During the operation of the mechanism, there is also a certain volume of water consumed. In the specific case outlined, in each cycle of the mechanism the water used is equal to the volume of the chambers (25 and 29). The volume of said chambers (25 and 29) is variable depending on the magnitude of the static pressure of the water. As shown in figure 8, if the pressure is high, the chambers decrease in volume. In other words, if the reservoir is high up, the chambers can be small and therefore the volume of water used will be quite small. Compared with the amount used by the turbines, this system is very advantageous.
    [0117] It goes without saying that the water used is not lost water since, as in the turbine system, the water is available for other uses.
    [0119] The fluid contained in the chambers of the mechanism need not be water, with the exception of the chambers (25 and 29) mentioned above. In the rest of the chambers of the mechanism, another fluid can be used that is advantageous due to its characteristics, such as, for example, that it is a lubricating fluid.
    [0121] In reality, the entire mechanism assembly, with the exception of the inlet / outlet chambers (25 and 29), form a tight system that can function when receiving external pressure. This pressure does not have to be hydraulic and it can perfectly be mechanical or of any kind, although in the above case, the activation of the system is hydraulic.
    [0123] The reciprocating movement of the cylinder pistons can be externalized by racks and pinions or by connecting rods, to activate a rotor or any other power generation system.
    [0125] Figure 17 shows another possible application , but on a smaller scale. It is an energy generator, taking advantage of the static pressure of the water supply networks in cities. In the supply pipe (38), a secondary pipe (39) is connected to form a bypass channel that will carry the water under pressure to the power generating mechanism. After its use to press the mechanism, the water returns through the pipe (40) and returns to the main pipe (38).
    权利要求:
    Claims (12)
    [1]
    1. Mechanism activated by the static pressure of a fluid, characterized in that it comprises: - a longitudinally stepped piston (4) that can move in both directions; - a cylindrical body (5), enveloping and internally stepped, which adapts to the piston (4); - a hollow shaft (11), located in the center of the piston (4) and of the cylindrical body (5) that can communicate the chambers (16 and 17), located at the ends of the piston (4);
    - A secondary piston (10), dependent on the main piston (4), which opens and closes the hole (14), located in the hollow shaft (11), so that the fluid can pass from the chamber (16) to the chamber (17);
    - a cylindrical body (41), divided into compartments;
    - a shaft (23) provided with discs (20, 21 and 22) and located in the center of the cylindrical body, so that each disc can move through the corresponding compartment.
    [2]
    2. Mechanism activated by the static pressure of a fluid, according to claim 1, characterized in that the stepped piston (4) can move longitudinally in one direction or the other, depending on whether it receives pressure (P) at both ends ( 7 and 8) or only for the one with the smallest diameter (7).
    [3]
    3. Mechanism activated by the static pressure of a fluid, according to the preceding claims, characterized in that the hollow shaft (11) can supply fluid under pressure into the chamber (17), coming from the chamber (16).
    [4]
    4. Mechanism activated by the static pressure of a fluid, according to the preceding claims, characterized in that the secondary piston (10), when pulled by the main piston (4) releases the inlet (14), and the fluid under pressure is inserted through said inlet (14) and, after going inside the shaft (11), it exits through the hole (15) and presses the plunger (4) also at the end of greater diameter (8), with the result that the piston (4) reverses the direction of its movement.
    [5]
    5. Mechanism activated by the static pressure of a fluid, according to the preceding claims, characterized in that it has a conduit (6) for the outlet and inlet of air outside the system to avoid overpressures and / or depressions in the chamber (9).
    [6]
    6. Mechanism activated by the static pressure of a fluid, according to the preceding claims, characterized by having an inlet / outlet conduit (13) to communicate two two-way cylinders, so that the fluid can pass from the chamber ( 17) to its symmetric (45) of the other cylinder and vice versa.
    [7]
    7. Mechanism activated by the static pressure of a fluid, according to claim 1, characterized in that the cylindrical body (41) is divided into compartments, those at the ends being responsible for receiving the pressure outside the system and transmitting it to the central compartments, which in turn will transmit it to the outside after having regulated said pressure.
    [8]
    8. Mechanism activated by the static pressure of a fluid, according to claims 1 and 7, characterized in that the shaft (23) forms an integral unit with the central discs (22) and with the end discs (20 and 21) and that this set of shaft and discs is housed in the cylindrical body (41), so that the inlet pressure through the ducts (18 and 19) can increase, decrease or remain the same and this depends on the size relationship between the diameters of the end discs (20 and 21) and the diameters of the central discs (22) and that This new pressure drives the fluid and forces it to exit through the conduit (30) and, simultaneously, draws fluid through the conduit (31).
    [9]
    9. Mechanism activated by the static pressure of a fluid, according to claims 1, 7 and 8, characterized by having ducts (47 and 48) for the outlet and inlet of outside air to the system to avoid overpressures and / or depressions in the chambers (25 and 28).
    [10]
    10. Mechanism activated by the static pressure of a fluid, according to claims 1, 7, 8 and 9, characterized by having conduits (18 and 19) that alternately act as inlet or outlet of the external fluid used for the operation of the mechanism.
    11. Mechanism activated by the static pressure of a fluid, according to claims 1, 7, 8, 9 and 10, characterized by having conduits (32 and 33) to alternately output as input or output of the external fluid used to the operation of the mechanism.
    [11]
    11. Mechanism activated by the static pressure of a fluid, according to claims 1, 7, 8, 9 and 10, characterized by having conduits (32 and 33) to release the fluid used to operate the mechanism.
    [12]
    12. Mechanism activated by the static pressure of a fluid, according to claims 1, 7, 8, 9, 10 and 11, characterized in that upon receiving pressure from the outside and after regulating said pressure, it causes the pistons (34 ), moving forward and backward alternately and that these movements only depend on the static pressure of the external fluid and a volume of fluid equivalent to that of the chambers (24 and 29) and this consumption does not depend on the number of pistons that are working.
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    同族专利:
    公开号 | 公开日
    ES2791574B2|2021-07-26|
    引用文献:
    公开号 | 申请日 | 公开日 | 申请人 | 专利标题
    DE99516C|
    DE86337C|
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    FR1173262A|1957-03-21|1959-02-23|H E S A Soc D Applic Hydrauliq|Hydraulic cylinder with automatic reciprocating movement|
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    US4488853A|1980-08-28|1984-12-18|New Process Industries, Inc.|Fluid pressure ratio transformer system|
    US6398527B1|2000-08-21|2002-06-04|Westport Research Inc.|Reciprocating motor with uni-directional fluid flow|
    CN109236601A|2018-09-06|2019-01-18|厦门百霖净水科技有限公司|A kind of new type pressurized device|
    法律状态:
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    优先权:
    申请号 | 申请日 | 专利标题
    ES202000038A|ES2791574B2|2020-03-03|2020-03-03|MECHANISM ACTIVATED BY THE STATIC PRESSURE OF A FLUID|ES202000038A| ES2791574B2|2020-03-03|2020-03-03|MECHANISM ACTIVATED BY THE STATIC PRESSURE OF A FLUID|
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